Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research

In contrast to quantitative research, which follows a structured and rigid design with all methods prescribed, qualitative studies are inherently complex. As novice researchers and doctoral students delve into the world of qualitative inquiry, it is essential to grasp the intricacies of reliability and validity, as well as their implications for research. Conducting naturalistic inquiries can be a daunting task, but by recognizing the importance of rigor in qualitative research, researchers can ensure the credibility of their studies.

Rather than focusing on trustworthiness, I propose that we adopt the term 'rigor' to emphasize the need for systematic strategies to guarantee reliability and validity in qualitative research. This approach involves building these measures into the research process from the outset, rather than evaluating them only after data collection is complete. By taking ownership of ensuring the rigor of their studies, researchers can foster a culture of accountability and responsibility.

The historical development of validity criteria in qualitative research is also crucial for understanding reliability and validity. Lincoln and Guba's epistemological and theoretical conceptualizations provide a foundation for strategies that align with qualitative perspectives. In this article, I will explore the concept of rigor in qualitative research using a phenomenological study as an exemplar to illustrate the process.

One ongoing debate in qualitative research pertains to the analogous terms reliability and validity, which are often misunderstood or misapplied. The distinction between naturalistic inquiries and quantitative investigations remains a persistent concern, with some arguing that qualitative researchers must strive for rigor in their studies. In this article, I will argue that by embracing the concept of rigor, qualitative researchers can establish credibility and ensure the reliability and validity of their research.

By understanding the complexities of reliability and validity in qualitative research, novice researchers and doctoral students alike can navigate the challenges of naturalistic inquiry with confidence. As we continue to grapple with these issues in the 21st century, it is essential that we prioritize rigor in our research designs and methodologies. By doing so, we can ensure that our findings are credible, reliable, and valid, ultimately contributing to a richer understanding of qualitative research.

Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research